test functions with assertIsNotNone and assertIsNone

I want to use the unittest library in the Functions project.

preview

I have these tests by the end of the chapter

  1import src.functions
  2import unittest
  3
  4
  5class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
  6
  7    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
  8        result = src.functions.w_pass()
  9
 10        assert result is None
 11        self.assertIs(result, None)
 12
 13    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
 14        result = src.functions.w_return()
 15
 16        assert result is None
 17        self.assertIs(result, None)
 18
 19    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
 20        result = src.functions.w_return_none()
 21
 22        assert result is None
 23        self.assertIs(result, None)
 24
 25    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
 26        result = src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()
 27
 28        assert result is None
 29        self.assertIs(result, None)
 30
 31    def test_constant_function(self):
 32        result = src.functions.constant()
 33        expectation = 'the same thing'
 34
 35        assert result == expectation
 36        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 37
 38    def test_identity_function(self):
 39        result = src.functions.identity(None)
 40
 41        assert result == None
 42        self.assertEqual(result, None)
 43
 44        result = src.functions.identity(object)
 45
 46        assert result == object
 47        self.assertEqual(result, object)
 48
 49    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
 50        def add_x(number):
 51            return 3 + number
 52
 53        result = add_x(0)
 54        expectation = 3
 55        assert result == expectation
 56        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 57
 58        result = add_x(1)
 59        expectation = 4
 60        assert result == expectation
 61        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 62
 63        result = add_x(2)
 64        expectation = 5
 65        assert result == expectation
 66        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 67
 68        result = add_x(3)
 69        expectation = 6
 70        assert result == expectation
 71        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 72
 73        result = add_x(4)
 74        expectation = 7
 75        assert result == expectation
 76        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 77
 78        result = add_x(5)
 79        expectation = 8
 80        assert result == expectation
 81        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 82
 83        result = add_x(6)
 84        expectation = 9
 85        assert result == expectation
 86        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 87
 88        result = add_x(7)
 89        expectation = 10
 90        assert result == expectation
 91        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 92
 93        result = add_x(8)
 94        expectation = 11
 95        assert result == expectation
 96        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
 97
 98        result = add_x(9)
 99        expectation = 12
100        assert result == expectation
101        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
102
103    def test_positional_arguments(self):
104        positional_arguments = (
105            src.functions.positional_arguments
106        )
107        first, last = 'first', 'last'
108
109        reality = positional_arguments(first, last)
110        my_expectation = (first, last)
111        assert reality == my_expectation
112        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
113
114        reality = positional_arguments(last, first)
115        my_expectation = (last, first)
116        assert reality == my_expectation
117        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
118
119        reality = positional_arguments(0, 1)
120        my_expectation = (0, 1)
121        assert reality == my_expectation
122        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
123
124        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
125        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
126
127        reality = positional_arguments(
128            a_tuple, a_list
129        )
130        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
131        assert reality == my_expectation
132        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
133
134        keyword_arguments = (
135            src.functions.keyword_arguments
136        )
137        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
138        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
139
140        reality = keyword_arguments(
141            a_set, a_dictionary,
142        )
143        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
144        assert reality == my_expectation
145        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
146
147    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
148        keyword_arguments = (
149            src.functions.keyword_arguments
150        )
151        first, last = 'first', 'last'
152
153        reality = keyword_arguments(
154            first_input=first, last_input=last,
155        )
156        my_expectation = (first, last)
157        assert reality == my_expectation
158        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
159
160        reality = keyword_arguments(
161            last_input=last, first_input=first,
162        )
163        my_expectation = (first, last)
164        assert reality == my_expectation
165        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
166
167        reality = keyword_arguments(
168            last_input=0, first_input=1,
169        )
170        my_expectation = (1, 0)
171        assert reality == my_expectation
172        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
173
174        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
175        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
176
177        reality = keyword_arguments(
178            first_input=a_tuple,
179            last_input=a_list,
180        )
181        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
182        assert reality == my_expectation
183        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
184
185        positional_arguments = (
186            src.functions.positional_arguments
187        )
188        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
189        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
190
191        reality = positional_arguments(
192            last_input=a_dictionary,
193            first_input=a_set,
194        )
195        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
196        assert reality == my_expectation
197        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
198
199    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
200        first, last = 'first', 'last'
201
202        reality = src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
203            first, last_input=last,
204        )
205        my_expectation = (first, last)
206        assert reality == my_expectation
207        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
208
209    def test_optional_arguments(self):
210        optional_arguments = (
211            src.functions.optional_arguments
212        )
213
214        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
215
216        reality = optional_arguments(first_name)
217        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
218        assert reality == my_expectation
219        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
220
221        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
222
223        reality = optional_arguments(
224            first_name, blow
225        )
226        my_expectation = (first_name, blow)
227        assert reality == my_expectation
228        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
229
230        first_name = 'john'
231
232        reality = optional_arguments(
233            first_input=first_name
234        )
235        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
236        assert reality == my_expectation
237        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
238
239        last_name = 'smith'
240
241        reality = optional_arguments(
242            last_input=last_name,
243            first_input=first_name,
244        )
245        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
246        assert reality == my_expectation
247        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
248
249    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
250        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
251            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
252        )
253
254        a_tuple = (0, 1)
255        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
256
257        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
258            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
259        )
260        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
261        assert reality == my_expectation
262        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
263
264        a_tuple = (0, 1)
265        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
266
267        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
268            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
269        )
270        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
271        assert reality == my_expectation
272        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
273
274        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
275        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
276
277        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
278            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
279        )
280        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
281        assert reality == my_expectation
282        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
283
284        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
285
286        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
287        my_expectation = (a_tuple, {})
288        assert reality == my_expectation
289        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
290
291        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
292
293        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
294            **a_dictionary
295        )
296        my_expectation = ((), a_dictionary)
297        assert reality == my_expectation
298        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
299
300        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments()
301        my_expectation = ((), {})
302        assert reality == my_expectation
303        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
304
305
306# Exceptions seen
307# AssertionError
308# NameError
309# TypeError
310# SyntaxError
311# ModuleNotFoundError
312# AttributeError

open the project

  • I open a terminal

  • I change directory to the project

    cd functions

    the terminal shows I am in the functions folder

    .../pumping_python/functions

  • I open test_functions.py

  • I use pytest-watcher to run the tests automatically

    uv run pytest-watcher . --now

    the terminal shows

    test_functions.py ............                      [100%]

=================== 12 passed in G.HIs ===================

add TestFunctions class

RED: make it fail

  • I add a class named Functions to test_functions.py

     1import src.functions
 2
 3
 4class Functions(object):
 5
 6    def test_failure(self):
 7        self.assertEqual(True, False)
 8
 9
10def test_making_a_function_w_pass():

    the test is still green.

  • I change the name of the class to TestFunctions

    1import src.functions
2
3
4# class Functions(object):
5class TestFunctions(object):

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: 'TestFunctions' object
                has no attribute 'assertEqual'

GREEN: make it pass

  • I add unittest.TestCase as the parent class of TestFunctions

    1import src.functions
2
3
4# class Functions(object):
5# class TestFunctions(object):
6class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):

    the terminal is my friend, and shows NameError

    NameError: name 'unittest' is not defined.
           Did you forget to import 'unittest'?

  • I add an import statement at the top of the file

    1import src.functions
2import unittest
3
4
5# class Functions(object):
6# class TestFunctions(object):
7class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: True != False

  • I change True to False in the assertion

     5# class Functions(object):
 6# class TestFunctions(object):
 7class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
 8
 9    def test_failure(self):
10        # self.assertEqual(True, False)
11        self.assertEqual(False, False)
12
13
14def test_making_a_function_w_pass():

    the test passes.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I remove the commented lines

     1import src.functions
 2import unittest
 3
 4
 5class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
 6
 7    def test_failure(self):
 8        self.assertEqual(False, False)
 9
10
11def test_making_a_function_w_pass():

  • I open a new terminal then make sure I am in the functions folder

    cd functions

  • I add a git commit message in the new terminal

    git commit -am \
'add TestFunctions class'

test_making_a_function_w_pass with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_making_a_function_w_pass to make it a method of the TestFunctions class and replace test_failure

     5class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
 6
 7    def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
 8        assert src.functions.w_pass() is None
 9
10
11def test_making_a_function_w_return():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: TestFunctions.test_making_a_function_w_pass() takes
           0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_making_a_function_w_pass

7    # def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
8    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
9        assert src.functions.w_pass() is None

the test is green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertIsNot method

     7    # def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
 8    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
 9        assert src.functions.w_pass() is None
10        self.assertIsNot(
11            src.functions.w_pass(), None
12        )
13
14
15def test_making_a_function_w_return():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: unexpectedly identical: None

  • I change assertIsNot to assertIs

     7    # def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
 8    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
 9        assert src.functions.w_pass() is None
10        # self.assertIsNot(
11        self.assertIs(
12            src.functions.w_pass(), None
13        )
14
15
16def test_making_a_function_w_return():

    the test passes.

  • I add a variable for src.functions.w_pass()

    7    # def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
8    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
9        result = src.functions.w_pass()

  • I use the variable to remove repetition of src.functions.w_pass()

     7    # def test_making_a_function_w_pass():
 8    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
 9        result = src.functions.w_pass()
10        # assert src.functions.w_pass() is None
11        assert result is None
12        # self.assertIsNot(
13        self.assertIs(
14            # src.functions.w_pass(), None
15            result, None
16        )
17
18
19def test_making_a_function_w_return():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_making_a_function_w_pass

     5class TestFunctions(unittest.TestCase):
 6
 7    def test_making_a_function_w_pass(self):
 8        result = src.functions.w_pass()
 9
10        assert result is None
11        self.assertIs(result, None)
12
13
14def test_making_a_function_w_return():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_making_a_function_w_pass to TestFunctions'

test_making_a_function_w_return with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_making_a_function_w_return to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    11        self.assertIs(result, None)
12
13    def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14        assert src.functions.w_return() is None
15
16
17def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_making_a_function_w_return()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because …

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_making_a_function_w_return

13    # def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertIsNot method

    13    # def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
15        assert src.functions.w_return() is None
16        self.assertIsNot(
17            src.functions.w_return(), None
18        )
19
20
21def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: unexpectedly identical: None

  • I change assertIsNot to assertIs

    13    # def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
15        assert src.functions.w_return() is None
16        # self.assertIsNot(
17        self.assertIs(
18            src.functions.w_return(), None
19        )
20
21
22def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():

    the test passes.

  • I add a variable for src.functions.w_return()

    13    # def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
15        result = src.functions.w_return()

  • I use the variable to remove repetition of src.functions.w_return()

    13    # def test_making_a_function_w_return():
14    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
15        result = src.functions.w_return()
16        # assert src.functions.w_return() is None
17        assert result is None
18        # self.assertIsNot(
19        self.assertIs(
20            # src.functions.w_return(), None
21            result, None
22        )
23
24
25def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_making_a_function_w_return

    11        self.assertIs(result, None)
12
13    def test_making_a_function_w_return(self):
14        result = src.functions.w_return()
15
16        assert result is None
17        self.assertIs(result, None)
18
19
20def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_making_a_function_w_return to TestFunctions'

test_making_a_function_w_return_none with unittest

RED: make it fail

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_making_a_function_w_return_none

19    # def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():
20    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
21        assert src.functions.w_return_none() is None

green.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertIsNot method

    19    # def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():
20    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
21        assert src.functions.w_return_none() is None
22        self.assertIsNot(
23            src.functions.w_return_none(), None
24        )
25
26
27def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: unexpectedly identical: None

  • I change assertIsNot to assertIs

    19    # def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():
20    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
21        assert src.functions.w_return_none() is None
22        # self.assertIsNot(
23        self.assertIs(
24            src.functions.w_return_none(), None
25        )
26
27
28def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():

    the test passes.

  • I add a variable for src.functions.w_return_none()

    19    # def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():
20    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
21        result = src.functions.w_return_none()

  • I use the variable to remove repetition of src.functions.w_return_none()

    19    # def test_making_a_function_w_return_none():
20    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
21        result = src.functions.w_return_none()
22        # assert src.functions.w_return_none() is None
23        assert result is None
24        # self.assertIsNot(
25        self.assertIs(
26            # src.functions.w_return_none(), None
27            result, None
28        )
29
30
31def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_making_a_function_w_return_none

    17        self.assertIs(result, None)
18
19    def test_making_a_function_w_return_none(self):
20        result = src.functions.w_return_none()
21
22        assert result is None
23        self.assertIs(result, None)
24
25
26def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_making_a_function_w_return_none to TestFunctions'

test_what_happens_after_functions_return with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_what_happens_after_functions_return to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    23        self.assertIs(result, None)
24
25    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26        assert (
27            src.functions
28               .return_leaves_the_function()
29        ) is None
30
31
32def test_constant_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_what_happens_after_functions_return()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_what_happens_after_functions_return

25    # def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertIsNot method

    25    # def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
27        assert (
28            src.functions
29               .return_leaves_the_function()
30        ) is None
31        self.assertIsNot(
32            (
33                src.functions
34                   .return_leaves_the_function()
35            ),
36            None
37        )
38
39
40def test_constant_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: unexpectedly identical: None

  • I change assertIsNot to assertIs

    25    # def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
27        assert (
28            src.functions
29               .return_leaves_the_function()
30        ) is None
31        # self.assertIsNot(
32        self.assertIs(
33            (
34                src.functions
35                   .return_leaves_the_function()
36            ),
37            None
38        )
39
40
41def test_constant_function():

    the test passes.

  • I add a variable for src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()

    25    # def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
27        result = src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()

  • I use the variable to remove repetition of src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()

    25    # def test_what_happens_after_functions_return():
26    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
27        result = src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()
28        # assert (
29        #     src.functions
30        #        .return_leaves_the_function()
31        # ) is None
32        # self.assertIsNot(
33        # self.assertIs(
34        #     (
35        #         src.functions
36        #            .return_leaves_the_function()
37        #     ),
38        #     None
39        # )
40        assert result is None
41        self.assertIs(result, None)
42
43
44def test_constant_function():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_what_happens_after_functions_return

    23        self.assertIs(result, None)
24
25    def test_what_happens_after_functions_return(self):
26        result = src.functions.return_leaves_the_function()
27
28        assert result is None
29        self.assertIs(result, None)
30
31
32def test_constant_function():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_what_happens_after_functions_return to TestFunctions'

test_constant_function with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_constant_function to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    29        self.assertIs(result, None)
30
31    def test_constant_function():
32        assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'
33
34
35def test_identity_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_constant_function()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance…

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_constant_function

31    # def test_constant_function():
32    def test_constant_function(self):
33        assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertNotEqual method

    31    # def test_constant_function():
32    def test_constant_function(self):
33        assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'
34        self.assertNotEqual(
35            src.functions.constant(),
36            'the same thing'
37        )
38
39
40def test_identity_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: 'the same thing' == 'the same thing'

  • I change assertNotEqual to assertEqual for the first assertion

    31    # def test_constant_function():
32    def test_constant_function(self):
33        assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'
34        # self.assertNotEqual(
35        self.assertEqual(
36            src.functions.constant(),
37            'the same thing'
38        )
39
40
41def test_identity_function():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for src.functions.constant() and 'the same thing'

    31    # def test_constant_function():
32    def test_constant_function(self):
33        result = src.functions.constant()
34        expectation = 'the same thing'
35        assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'

  • I use the variable to remove repetition of src.functions.constant() and 'the same thing'

    31    # def test_constant_function():
32    def test_constant_function(self):
33        result = src.functions.constant()
34        expectation = 'the same thing'
35        # assert src.functions.constant() == 'the same thing'
36        # self.assertNotEqual(
37        # self.assertEqual(
38        #     src.functions.constant(),
39        #     'the same thing'
40        # )
41        assert result == expectation
42        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
43
44
45def test_identity_function():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_constant_function

    29        self.assertIs(result, None)
30
31    def test_constant_function(self):
32        result = src.functions.constant()
33        expectation = 'the same thing'
34
35        assert result == expectation
36        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
37
38
39def test_identity_function():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_constant_function to TestFunctions'

test_identity_function with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_identity_function to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    36        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
37
38    def test_identity_function():
39        assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
40        assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
41
42
43def test_why_use_a_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_identity_function()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_identity_function

38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):

the test is green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method

    38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):
40        assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
41        self.assertNotEqual(
42            src.functions.identity(None), None
43        )
44        assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
45        self.assertNotEqual(
46            src.functions.identity(object), object
47        )
48
49
50def test_why_use_a_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: None == None

  • I change assertNotEqual to assertEqual for the first assertion in test_identity_function

    38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):
40        assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
41        # self.assertNotEqual(
42        self.assertEqual(
43            src.functions.identity(None), None
44        )
45        assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
46        self.assertNotEqual(
47            src.functions.identity(object), object
48        )
49
50
51def test_why_use_a_function():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: <class 'object'> == <class 'object'>

  • I change assertNotEqual to assertEqual for the second assertion in test_identity_function

    38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):
40        assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
41        # self.assertNotEqual(
42        self.assertEqual(
43            src.functions.identity(None), None
44        )
45        assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
46        # self.assertNotEqual(
47        self.assertEqual(
48            src.functions.identity(object), object
49        )
50
51
52def test_why_use_a_function():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for src.functions.identity

    38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):
40        result = src.functions.identity(None)
41        assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
42        # self.assertNotEqual(
43        self.assertEqual(
44            src.functions.identity(None), None
45        )
46
47        result = src.functions.identity(object)
48        assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
49        # self.assertNotEqual(
50        self.assertEqual(
51            src.functions.identity(object), object
52        )
53
54
55def test_why_use_a_function():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of src.functions.identity

    38    # def test_identity_function():
39    def test_identity_function(self):
40        result = src.functions.identity(None)
41        # assert src.functions.identity(None) == None
42        assert result == None
43        # self.assertNotEqual(
44        self.assertEqual(
45            # src.functions.identity(None), None
46            result, None
47        )
48
49        result = src.functions.identity(object)
50        # assert src.functions.identity(object) == object
51        assert result == object
52        # self.assertNotEqual(
53        self.assertEqual(
54            # src.functions.identity(object), object
55            result, object
56        )
57
58
59def test_why_use_a_function():

  • I remove the commented lines from test_identity_function

    36        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
37
38    def test_identity_function(self):
39        result = src.functions.identity(None)
40
41        assert result == None
42        self.assertEqual(result, None)
43
44        result = src.functions.identity(object)
45
46        assert result == object
47        self.assertEqual(result, object)
48
49
50def test_why_use_a_function():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_identity_function to TestFunctions'

test_why_use_a_function with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_why_use_a_function to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    47        self.assertEqual(result, object)
48
49    def test_why_use_a_function():
50        def add_x(number):
51            return 3 + number
52
53        assert add_x(0) == 3
54        assert add_x(1) == 4
55        assert add_x(2) == 5
56        assert add_x(3) == 6
57        assert add_x(4) == 7
58        assert add_x(5) == 8
59        assert add_x(6) == 9
60        assert add_x(7) == 10
61        assert add_x(8) == 11
62        assert add_x(9) == 12
63
64
65def test_positional_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_why_use_a_function()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_why_use_a_function

49    # def test_why_use_a_function():
50    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
51        def add_x(number):

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method in test_why_use_a_function

    49    # def test_why_use_a_function():
50    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
51        def add_x(number):
52            return 3 + number
53
54        assert add_x(0) == 3
55        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(0), 3)
56        assert add_x(1) == 4
57        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(1), 4)

    58        assert add_x(2) == 5
59        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(2), 5)
60        assert add_x(3) == 6
61        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(3), 6)
62        assert add_x(4) == 7
63        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(4), 7)
64        assert add_x(5) == 8
65        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(5), 8)

    66        assert add_x(6) == 9
67        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(6), 9)
68        assert add_x(7) == 10
69        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(7), 10)
70        assert add_x(8) == 11
71        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(8), 11)
72        assert add_x(9) == 12
73        self.assertNotEqual(add_x(9), 12)
74
75
76def test_positional_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError.

  • I change the calls from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_why_use_a_function

    49    # def test_why_use_a_function():
50    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
51        def add_x(number):
52            return 3 + number
53
54        assert add_x(0) == 3
55        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(0), 3)
56        self.assertEqual(add_x(0), 3)
57        assert add_x(1) == 4
58        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(1), 4)
59        self.assertEqual(add_x(1), 4)

    60        assert add_x(2) == 5
61        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(2), 5)
62        self.assertEqual(add_x(2), 5)
63        assert add_x(3) == 6
64        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(3), 6)
65        self.assertEqual(add_x(3), 6)

    66        assert add_x(4) == 7
67        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(4), 7)
68        self.assertEqual(add_x(4), 7)
69        assert add_x(5) == 8
70        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(5), 8)
71        self.assertEqual(add_x(5), 8)

    72        assert add_x(6) == 9
73        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(6), 9)
74        self.assertEqual(add_x(6), 9)
75        assert add_x(7) == 10
76        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(7), 10)
77        self.assertEqual(add_x(7), 10)

    78        assert add_x(8) == 11
79        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(8), 11)
80        self.assertEqual(add_x(8), 11)
81        assert add_x(9) == 12
82        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(9), 12)
83        self.assertEqual(add_x(9), 12)
84
85
86def test_positional_arguments():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for add_x and the expectations

    49    # def test_why_use_a_function():
50    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
51        def add_x(number):
52            return 3 + number
53
54        result = add_x(0)
55        expectation = 3
56        assert add_x(0) == 3
57        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(0), 3)
58        self.assertEqual(add_x(0), 3)

    60        result = add_x(1)
61        expectation = 4
62        assert add_x(1) == 4
63        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(1), 4)
64        self.assertEqual(add_x(1), 4)

    66        result = add_x(2)
67        expectation = 5
68        assert add_x(2) == 5
69        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(2), 5)
70        self.assertEqual(add_x(2), 5)

    72        result = add_x(3)
73        expectation = 6
74        assert add_x(3) == 6
75        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(3), 6)
76        self.assertEqual(add_x(3), 6)

    78        result = add_x(4)
79        expectation = 7
80        assert add_x(4) == 7
81        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(4), 7)
82        self.assertEqual(add_x(4), 7)

    84        result = add_x(5)
85        expectation = 8
86        assert add_x(5) == 8
87        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(5), 8)
88        self.assertEqual(add_x(5), 8)

    90        result = add_x(6)
91        expectation = 9
92        assert add_x(6) == 9
93        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(6), 9)
94        self.assertEqual(add_x(6), 9)

     96        result = add_x(7)
 97        expectation = 10
 98        assert add_x(7) == 10
 99        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(7), 10)
100        self.assertEqual(add_x(7), 10)

    102        result = add_x(8)
103        expectation = 11
104        assert add_x(8) == 11
105        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(8), 11)
106        self.assertEqual(add_x(8), 11)

    108        result = add_x(9)
109        expectation = 12
110        assert add_x(9) == 12
111        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(9), 12)
112        self.assertEqual(add_x(9), 12)
113
114
115def test_positional_arguments():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of add_x and the expectations

    49    # def test_why_use_a_function():
50    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
51        def add_x(number):
52            return 3 + number
53
54        result = add_x(0)
55        expectation = 3
56        # assert add_x(0) == 3
57        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(0), 3)
58        # self.assertEqual(add_x(0), 3)
59        assert result == expectation
60        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    62        result = add_x(1)
63        expectation = 4
64        # assert add_x(1) == 4
65        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(1), 4)
66        # self.assertEqual(add_x(1), 4)
67        assert result == expectation
68        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    70        result = add_x(2)
71        expectation = 5
72        # assert add_x(2) == 5
73        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(2), 5)
74        # self.assertEqual(add_x(2), 5)
75        assert result == expectation
76        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    78        result = add_x(3)
79        expectation = 6
80        # assert add_x(3) == 6
81        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(3), 6)
82        # self.assertEqual(add_x(3), 6)
83        assert result == expectation
84        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    86        result = add_x(4)
87        expectation = 7
88        # assert add_x(4) == 7
89        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(4), 7)
90        # self.assertEqual(add_x(4), 7)
91        assert result == expectation
92        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

     94        result = add_x(5)
 95        expectation = 8
 96        # assert add_x(5) == 8
 97        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(5), 8)
 98        # self.assertEqual(add_x(5), 8)
 99        assert result == expectation
100        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    102        result = add_x(6)
103        expectation = 9
104        # assert add_x(6) == 9
105        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(6), 9)
106        # self.assertEqual(add_x(6), 9)
107        assert result == expectation
108        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    110        result = add_x(7)
111        expectation = 10
112        # assert add_x(7) == 10
113        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(7), 10)
114        # self.assertEqual(add_x(7), 10)
115        assert result == expectation
116        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    118        result = add_x(8)
119        expectation = 11
120        # assert add_x(8) == 11
121        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(8), 11)
122        # self.assertEqual(add_x(8), 11)
123        assert result == expectation
124        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    126        result = add_x(9)
127        expectation = 12
128        # assert add_x(9) == 12
129        # self.assertNotEqual(add_x(9), 12)
130        # self.assertEqual(add_x(9), 12)
131        assert result == expectation
132        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
133
134
135def test_positional_arguments():

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_why_use_a_function

    47        self.assertEqual(result, object)
48
49    def test_why_use_a_function(self):
50        def add_x(number):
51            return 3 + number
52
53        result = add_x(0)
54        expectation = 3
55        assert result == expectation
56        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    58        result = add_x(1)
59        expectation = 4
60        assert result == expectation
61        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    63        result = add_x(2)
64        expectation = 5
65        assert result == expectation
66        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    68        result = add_x(3)
69        expectation = 6
70        assert result == expectation
71        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    73        result = add_x(4)
74        expectation = 7
75        assert result == expectation
76        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    78        result = add_x(5)
79        expectation = 8
80        assert result == expectation
81        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    83        result = add_x(6)
84        expectation = 9
85        assert result == expectation
86        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    88        result = add_x(7)
89        expectation = 10
90        assert result == expectation
91        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

    93        result = add_x(8)
94        expectation = 11
95        assert result == expectation
96        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)

     98        result = add_x(9)
 99        expectation = 12
100        assert result == expectation
101        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
102
103
104def test_positional_arguments():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_why_use_a_function to TestFunctions'

test_positional_arguments with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_positional_arguments to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    101        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
102
103    def test_positional_arguments():
104        positional_arguments = (
105            src.functions.positional_arguments
106        )
107        first, last = 'first', 'last'

    109        assert (
110            positional_arguments(first, last)
111        == (first, last)
112        )
113        assert (
114            positional_arguments(last, first)
115        == (last, first)
116        )
117        assert (
118            positional_arguments(0, 1)
119        == (0, 1)
120        )

    122        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
123        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
124        assert (
125            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list)
126        == (a_tuple, a_list)
127        )

    129        keyword_arguments = (
130            src.functions.keyword_arguments
131        )
132        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
133        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
134        assert (
135            keyword_arguments(
136                a_set, a_dictionary,
137            )
138        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
139        )
140
141
142def test_keyword_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_positional_arguments()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because …

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_positional_arguments

103    # def test_positional_arguments():
104    def test_positional_arguments(self):

green.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method in test_positional_arguments

    103    # def test_positional_arguments():
104    def test_positional_arguments(self):
105        positional_arguments = (
106            src.functions.positional_arguments
107        )
108        first, last = 'first', 'last'
109
110        assert (
111            positional_arguments(first, last)
112        == (first, last)
113        )
114        self.assertNotEqual(
115            positional_arguments(first, last),
116            (first, last)
117        )

    118        assert (
119            positional_arguments(last, first)
120        == (last, first)
121        )
122        self.assertNotEqual(
123            positional_arguments(last, first),
124            (last, first)
125        )

    126        assert (
127            positional_arguments(0, 1)
128        == (0, 1)
129        )
130        self.assertNotEqual(
131            positional_arguments(0, 1), (0, 1)
132        )

    134        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
135        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
136        assert (
137            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list)
138        == (a_tuple, a_list)
139        )
140        self.assertNotEqual(
141            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list),
142            (a_tuple, a_list)
143        )

    145        keyword_arguments = (
146            src.functions.keyword_arguments
147        )
148        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
149        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
150        assert (
151            keyword_arguments(
152                a_set, a_dictionary,
153            )
154        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
155        )
156        self.assertNotEqual(
157            keyword_arguments(
158                a_set, a_dictionary,
159            ),
160            (a_set, a_dictionary)
161        )
162
163
164def test_keyword_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError.

  • I change the calls from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_positional_arguments

    103    # def test_positional_arguments():
104    def test_positional_arguments(self):
105        positional_arguments = (
106            src.functions.positional_arguments
107        )
108        first, last = 'first', 'last'
109
110        assert (
111            positional_arguments(first, last)
112        == (first, last)
113        )
114        # self.assertNotEqual(
115        self.assertEqual(
116            positional_arguments(first, last),
117            (first, last)
118        )

    119        assert (
120            positional_arguments(last, first)
121        == (last, first)
122        )
123        # self.assertNotEqual(
124        self.assertEqual(
125            positional_arguments(last, first),
126            (last, first)
127        )

    128        assert (
129            positional_arguments(0, 1)
130        == (0, 1)
131        )
132        # self.assertNotEqual(
133        self.assertEqual(
134            positional_arguments(0, 1), (0, 1)
135        )

    137        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
138        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
139        assert (
140            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list)
141        == (a_tuple, a_list)
142        )
143        # self.assertNotEqual(
144        self.assertEqual(
145            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list),
146            (a_tuple, a_list)
147        )

    149        keyword_arguments = (
150            src.functions.keyword_arguments
151        )
152        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
153        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
154        assert (
155            keyword_arguments(
156                a_set, a_dictionary,
157            )
158        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
159        )
160        # self.assertNotEqual(
161        self.assertEqual(
162            keyword_arguments(
163                a_set, a_dictionary,
164            ),
165            (a_set, a_dictionary)
166        )
167
168
169def test_keyword_arguments():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for the calls to positional_arguments, keyword_arguments and my expectations

    103    # def test_positional_arguments():
104    def test_positional_arguments(self):
105        positional_arguments = (
106            src.functions.positional_arguments
107        )
108        first, last = 'first', 'last'
109
110        reality = positional_arguments(first, last)
111        my_expectation = (first, last)
112        assert (
113            positional_arguments(first, last)
114        == (first, last)
115        )
116        # self.assertNotEqual(

    117        self.assertEqual(
118            positional_arguments(first, last),
119            (first, last)
120        )
121
122        reality = positional_arguments(last, first)
123        my_expectation = (last, first)
124        assert (
125            positional_arguments(last, first)
126        == (last, first)
127        )
128        # self.assertNotEqual(

    129        self.assertEqual(
130            positional_arguments(last, first),
131            (last, first)
132        )
133
134        reality = positional_arguments(0, 1)
135        my_expectation = (0, 1)
136        assert (
137            positional_arguments(0, 1)
138        == (0, 1)
139        )
140        # self.assertNotEqual(
141        self.assertEqual(
142            positional_arguments(0, 1), (0, 1)
143        )

    145        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
146        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
147
148        reality = positional_arguments(
149            a_tuple, a_list
150        )
151        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
152        assert (
153            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list)
154        == (a_tuple, a_list)
155        )
156        # self.assertNotEqual(
157        self.assertEqual(
158            positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list),
159            (a_tuple, a_list)
160        )

    162        keyword_arguments = (
163            src.functions.keyword_arguments
164        )
165        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
166        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
167
168        reality = keyword_arguments(
169            a_set, a_dictionary,
170        )
171        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
172        assert (
173            keyword_arguments(
174                a_set, a_dictionary,
175            )
176        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
177        )
178        # self.assertNotEqual(
179        self.assertEqual(
180            keyword_arguments(
181                a_set, a_dictionary,
182            ),
183            (a_set, a_dictionary)
184        )
185
186
187def test_keyword_arguments():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of the calls to positional_arguments, keyword_arguments and my expectations, from test_positional_arguments

    103    # def test_positional_arguments():
104    def test_positional_arguments(self):
105        positional_arguments = (
106            src.functions.positional_arguments
107        )
108        first, last = 'first', 'last'
109
110        reality = positional_arguments(first, last)
111        my_expectation = (first, last)
112        # assert (
113        #     positional_arguments(first, last)
114        # == (first, last)
115        # )
116        # self.assertNotEqual(
117        # self.assertEqual(
118        #     positional_arguments(first, last),
119        #     (first, last)
120        # )
121        assert reality == my_expectation
122        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    124        reality = positional_arguments(last, first)
125        my_expectation = (last, first)
126        # assert (
127        #     positional_arguments(last, first)
128        # == (last, first)
129        # )
130        # self.assertNotEqual(
131        # self.assertEqual(
132        #     positional_arguments(last, first),
133        #     (last, first)
134        # )
135        assert reality == my_expectation
136        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    138        reality = positional_arguments(0, 1)
139        my_expectation = (0, 1)
140        # assert (
141        #     positional_arguments(0, 1)
142        # == (0, 1)
143        # )
144        # self.assertNotEqual(
145        # self.assertEqual(
146        #     positional_arguments(0, 1), (0, 1)
147        # )
148        assert reality == my_expectation
149        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    151        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
152        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
153
154        reality = positional_arguments(
155            a_tuple, a_list
156        )
157        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
158        # assert (
159        #     positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list)
160        # == (a_tuple, a_list)
161        # )
162        # self.assertNotEqual(
163        # self.assertEqual(
164        #     positional_arguments(a_tuple, a_list),
165        #     (a_tuple, a_list)
166        # )
167        assert reality == my_expectation
168        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    170        keyword_arguments = (
171            src.functions.keyword_arguments
172        )
173        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
174        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
175
176        reality = keyword_arguments(
177            a_set, a_dictionary,
178        )
179        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
180        # assert (
181        #     keyword_arguments(
182        #         a_set, a_dictionary,
183        #     )
184        # == (a_set, a_dictionary)
185        # )
186        # self.assertNotEqual(
187        # self.assertEqual(
188        #     keyword_arguments(
189        #         a_set, a_dictionary,
190        #     ),
191        #     (a_set, a_dictionary)
192        # )
193        assert reality == my_expectation
194        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
195
196
197def test_keyword_arguments():

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_positional_arguments

    101        self.assertEqual(result, expectation)
102
103    def test_positional_arguments(self):
104        positional_arguments = (
105            src.functions.positional_arguments
106        )
107        first, last = 'first', 'last'

    109        reality = positional_arguments(first, last)
110        my_expectation = (first, last)
111        assert reality == my_expectation
112        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    114        reality = positional_arguments(last, first)
115        my_expectation = (last, first)
116        assert reality == my_expectation
117        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    119        reality = positional_arguments(0, 1)
120        my_expectation = (0, 1)
121        assert reality == my_expectation
122        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    124        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
125        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
126
127        reality = positional_arguments(
128            a_tuple, a_list
129        )
130        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
131        assert reality == my_expectation
132        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    134        keyword_arguments = (
135            src.functions.keyword_arguments
136        )
137        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
138        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
139
140        reality = keyword_arguments(
141            a_set, a_dictionary,
142        )
143        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
144        assert reality == my_expectation
145        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
146
147
148def test_keyword_arguments():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_positional_arguments to TestFunctions'

test_keyword_arguments with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_keyword_arguments to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    145        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
146
147    def test_keyword_arguments():
148        keyword_arguments = (
149            src.functions.keyword_arguments
150        )
151        first, last = 'first', 'last'

    153        assert (
154            keyword_arguments(
155                first_input=first, last_input=last,
156            )
157        == (first, last)
158        )
159        assert (
160            keyword_arguments(
161                last_input=last, first_input=first,
162            )
163        == (first, last)
164        )
165        assert (
166            keyword_arguments(
167                last_input=0, first_input=1,
168            )
169        == (1, 0)
170        )

    172        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
173        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
174        assert (
175            keyword_arguments(
176                first_input=a_tuple,
177                last_input=a_list,
178            )
179        == (a_tuple, a_list)
180        )

    182        positional_arguments = (
183            src.functions.positional_arguments
184        )
185        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
186        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
187        assert (
188            positional_arguments(
189                last_input=a_dictionary,
190                first_input=a_set,
191            )
192        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
193        )
194
195
196def test_args_and_kwargs():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_keyword_arguments()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_keyword_arguments

147    # def test_keyword_arguments():
148    def test_keyword_arguments(self):

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method in test_keyword_arguments

    147    # def test_keyword_arguments():
148    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
149        keyword_arguments = (
150            src.functions.keyword_arguments
151        )
152        first, last = 'first', 'last'
153
154        assert (
155            keyword_arguments(
156                first_input=first, last_input=last,
157            )
158        == (first, last)
159        )
160        self.assertNotEqual(
161            keyword_arguments(
162                first_input=first, last_input=last,
163            ),
164            (first, last)
165        )

    166        assert (
167            keyword_arguments(
168                last_input=last, first_input=first,
169            )
170        == (first, last)
171        )
172        self.assertNotEqual(
173            keyword_arguments(
174                last_input=last, first_input=first,
175            ),
176            (first, last)
177        )

    178        assert (
179            keyword_arguments(
180                last_input=0, first_input=1,
181            )
182        == (1, 0)
183        )
184        self.assertNotEqual(
185            keyword_arguments(
186                last_input=0, first_input=1,
187            ),
188            (1, 0)
189        )

    191        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
192        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
193        assert (
194            keyword_arguments(
195                first_input=a_tuple,
196                last_input=a_list,
197            )
198        == (a_tuple, a_list)
199        )
200        self.assertEqual(
201            keyword_arguments(
202                first_input=a_tuple,
203                last_input=a_list,
204            ),
205            (a_tuple, a_list)
206        )

    208        positional_arguments = (
209            src.functions.positional_arguments
210        )
211        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
212        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
213        assert (
214            positional_arguments(
215                last_input=a_dictionary,
216                first_input=a_set,
217            )
218        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
219        )
220        self.assertNotEqual(
221            positional_arguments(
222                last_input=a_dictionary,
223                first_input=a_set,
224            ),
225            (a_set, a_dictionary)
226        )
227
228
229def test_args_and_kwargs():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError.

  • I change the calls from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_keyword_arguments

    147    # def test_keyword_arguments():
148    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
149        keyword_arguments = (
150            src.functions.keyword_arguments
151        )
152        first, last = 'first', 'last'
153
154        assert (
155            keyword_arguments(
156                first_input=first, last_input=last,
157            )
158        == (first, last)
159        )
160        # self.assertNotEqual(
161        self.assertEqual(
162            keyword_arguments(
163                first_input=first, last_input=last,
164            ),
165            (first, last)
166        )

    167        assert (
168            keyword_arguments(
169                last_input=last, first_input=first,
170            )
171        == (first, last)
172        )
173        # self.assertNotEqual(
174        self.assertEqual(
175            keyword_arguments(
176                last_input=last, first_input=first,
177            ),
178            (first, last)
179        )

    180        assert (
181            keyword_arguments(
182                last_input=0, first_input=1,
183            )
184        == (1, 0)
185        )
186        # self.assertNotEqual(
187        self.assertEqual(
188            keyword_arguments(
189                last_input=0, first_input=1,
190            ),
191            (1, 0)
192        )

    194        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
195        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
196        assert (
197            keyword_arguments(
198                first_input=a_tuple,
199                last_input=a_list,
200            )
201        == (a_tuple, a_list)
202        )
203        # self.assertNotEqual(
204        self.assertEqual(
205            keyword_arguments(
206                first_input=a_tuple,
207                last_input=a_list,
208            ),
209            (a_tuple, a_list)
210        )

    212        positional_arguments = (
213            src.functions.positional_arguments
214        )
215        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
216        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
217        assert (
218            positional_arguments(
219                last_input=a_dictionary,
220                first_input=a_set,
221            )
222        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
223        )
224        # self.assertNotEqual(
225        self.assertEqual(
226            positional_arguments(
227                last_input=a_dictionary,
228                first_input=a_set,
229            ),
230            (a_set, a_dictionary)
231        )
232
233
234def test_args_and_kwargs():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for the calls to keyword_arguments, positional_arguments and my expectations

    147    # def test_keyword_arguments():
148    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
149        keyword_arguments = (
150            src.functions.keyword_arguments
151        )
152        first, last = 'first', 'last'
153
154        reality = keyword_arguments(
155            first_input=first, last_input=last,
156        )
157        my_expectation = (first, last)
158        assert (
159            keyword_arguments(
160                first_input=first, last_input=last,
161            )
162        == (first, last)
163        )
164        # self.assertNotEqual(

    165        self.assertEqual(
166            keyword_arguments(
167                first_input=first, last_input=last,
168            ),
169            (first, last)
170        )
171
172        reality = keyword_arguments(
173            last_input=last, first_input=first,
174        )
175        my_expectation = (first, last)
176        assert (
177            keyword_arguments(
178                last_input=last, first_input=first,
179            )
180        == (first, last)
181        )
182        # self.assertNotEqual(

    183        self.assertEqual(
184            keyword_arguments(
185                last_input=last, first_input=first,
186            ),
187            (first, last)
188        )
189
190        reality = keyword_arguments(
191            last_input=0, first_input=1,
192        )
193        my_expectation = (1, 0)
194        assert (
195            keyword_arguments(
196                last_input=0, first_input=1,
197            )
198        == (1, 0)
199        )
200        # self.assertNotEqual(
201        self.assertEqual(
202            keyword_arguments(
203                last_input=0, first_input=1,
204            ),
205            (1, 0)
206        )

    208        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
209        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
210
211        reality = keyword_arguments(
212            first_input=a_tuple,
213            last_input=a_list,
214        )
215        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
216        assert (
217            keyword_arguments(
218                first_input=a_tuple,
219                last_input=a_list,
220            )
221        == (a_tuple, a_list)
222        )
223        # self.assertNotEqual(
224        self.assertEqual(
225            keyword_arguments(
226                first_input=a_tuple,
227                last_input=a_list,
228            ),
229            (a_tuple, a_list)
230        )

    232        positional_arguments = (
233            src.functions.positional_arguments
234        )
235        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
236        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
237
238        reality = positional_arguments(
239            last_input=a_dictionary,
240            first_input=a_set,
241        )
242        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
243        assert (
244            positional_arguments(
245                last_input=a_dictionary,
246                first_input=a_set,
247            )
248        == (a_set, a_dictionary)
249        )
250        # self.assertNotEqual(
251        self.assertEqual(
252            positional_arguments(
253                last_input=a_dictionary,
254                first_input=a_set,
255            ),
256            (a_set, a_dictionary)
257        )
258
259
260def test_args_and_kwargs():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of the calls to keyword_arguments, positional_arguments and my expectations, from test_keyword_arguments

    147    # def test_keyword_arguments():
148    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
149        keyword_arguments = (
150            src.functions.keyword_arguments
151        )
152        first, last = 'first', 'last'
153
154        reality = keyword_arguments(
155            first_input=first, last_input=last,
156        )
157        my_expectation = (first, last)
158        # assert (
159        #     keyword_arguments(
160        #         first_input=first, last_input=last,
161        #     )
162        # == (first, last)
163        # )
164        # self.assertNotEqual(
165        # self.assertEqual(
166        #     keyword_arguments(
167        #         first_input=first, last_input=last,
168        #     ),
169        #     (first, last)
170        # )
171        assert reality == my_expectation
172        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    174        reality = keyword_arguments(
175            last_input=last, first_input=first,
176        )
177        my_expectation = (first, last)
178        # assert (
179        #     keyword_arguments(
180        #         last_input=last, first_input=first,
181        #     )
182        # == (first, last)
183        # )
184        # self.assertNotEqual(
185        # self.assertEqual(
186        #     keyword_arguments(
187        #         last_input=last, first_input=first,
188        #     ),
189        #     (first, last)
190        # )
191        assert reality == my_expectation
192        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    194        reality = keyword_arguments(
195            last_input=0, first_input=1,
196        )
197        my_expectation = (1, 0)
198        # assert (
199        #     keyword_arguments(
200        #         last_input=0, first_input=1,
201        #     )
202        # == (1, 0)
203        # )
204        # self.assertNotEqual(
205        # self.assertEqual(
206        #     keyword_arguments(
207        #         last_input=0, first_input=1,
208        #     ),
209        #     (1, 0)
210        # )
211        assert reality == my_expectation
212        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    214        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
215        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
216
217        reality = keyword_arguments(
218            first_input=a_tuple,
219            last_input=a_list,
220        )
221        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
222        # assert (
223        #     keyword_arguments(
224        #         first_input=a_tuple,
225        #         last_input=a_list,
226        #     )
227        # == (a_tuple, a_list)
228        # )
229        # self.assertNotEqual(
230        # self.assertEqual(
231        #     keyword_arguments(
232        #         first_input=a_tuple,
233        #         last_input=a_list,
234        #     ),
235        #     (a_tuple, a_list)
236        # )
237        assert reality == my_expectation
238        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    240        positional_arguments = (
241            src.functions.positional_arguments
242        )
243        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
244        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}
245
246        reality = positional_arguments(
247            last_input=a_dictionary,
248            first_input=a_set,
249        )
250        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
251        # assert (
252        #     positional_arguments(
253        #         last_input=a_dictionary,
254        #         first_input=a_set,
255        #     )
256        # == (a_set, a_dictionary)
257        # )
258        # self.assertNotEqual(
259        # self.assertEqual(
260        #     positional_arguments(
261        #         last_input=a_dictionary,
262        #         first_input=a_set,
263        #     ),
264        #     (a_set, a_dictionary)
265        # )
266        assert reality == my_expectation
267        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
268
269
270def test_args_and_kwargs():

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_keyword_arguments

    145        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
146
147    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
148        keyword_arguments = (
149            src.functions.keyword_arguments
150        )
151        first, last = 'first', 'last'

    153        reality = keyword_arguments(
154            first_input=first, last_input=last,
155        )
156        my_expectation = (first, last)
157        assert reality == my_expectation
158        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    160        reality = keyword_arguments(
161            last_input=last, first_input=first,
162        )
163        my_expectation = (first, last)
164        assert reality == my_expectation
165        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    167        reality = keyword_arguments(
168            last_input=0, first_input=1,
169        )
170        my_expectation = (1, 0)
171        assert reality == my_expectation
172        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    174        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
175        a_list = [1, 2, 3, 'n']
176
177        reality = keyword_arguments(
178            first_input=a_tuple,
179            last_input=a_list,
180        )
181        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_list)
182        assert reality == my_expectation
183        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    185        positional_arguments = (
186            src.functions.positional_arguments
187        )
188        a_set = {1, 2, 3, 'n'}
189        a_dictionary = {'key': 'value'}

    191        reality = positional_arguments(
192            last_input=a_dictionary,
193            first_input=a_set,
194        )
195        my_expectation = (a_set, a_dictionary)
196        assert reality == my_expectation
197        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
198
199
200def test_args_and_kwargs():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_keyword_arguments to TestFunctions'

test_args_and_kwargs with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_args_and_kwargs to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    197        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
198
199    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
200        first, last = 'first', 'last'
201
202        assert (
203            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
204                first, last_input=last,
205            )
206        == (first, last)
207        )
208
209
210def test_optional_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_args_and_kwargs()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_args_and_kwargs

199    # def test_args_and_kwargs():
200    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
201        first, last = 'first', 'last'

the test is green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add a call to the assertNotEqual method in test_args_and_kwargs

    199    # def test_args_and_kwargs():
200    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
201        first, last = 'first', 'last'
202
203        assert (
204            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
205                first, last_input=last,
206            )
207        == (first, last)
208        )
209        self.assertNotEqual(
210            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
211                first, last_input=last,
212            ),
213            (first, last)
214        )
215
216
217def test_optional_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError

    AssertionError: ('first', 'last') == ('first', 'last')

  • I change the call from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_args_and_kwargs

    199    # def test_args_and_kwargs():
200    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
201        first, last = 'first', 'last'
202
203        assert (
204            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
205                first, last_input=last,
206            )
207        == (first, last)
208        )
209        # self.assertNotEqual(
210        self.assertNotEqual(
211            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
212                first, last_input=last,
213            ),
214            (first, last)
215        )
216
217
218def test_optional_arguments():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for the call to src.functions.args_and_kwargs and my expectation

    199    # def test_args_and_kwargs():
200    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
201        first, last = 'first', 'last'
202
203        reality = src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
204            first, last_input=last,
205        )
206        my_expectation = (first, last)
207        assert (
208            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
209                first, last_input=last,
210            )
211        == (first, last)
212        )
213        # self.assertNotEqual(
214        self.assertNotEqual(
215            src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
216                first, last_input=last,
217            ),
218            (first, last)
219        )
220
221
222def test_optional_arguments():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of the call to src.functions.args_and_kwargs and my expectation, from test_args_and_kwargs

    199    # def test_args_and_kwargs():
200    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
201        first, last = 'first', 'last'
202
203        reality = src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
204            first, last_input=last,
205        )
206        my_expectation = (first, last)
207        # assert (
208        #     src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
209        #         first, last_input=last,
210        #     )
211        # == (first, last)
212        # )
213        # self.assertNotEqual(
214        # self.assertNotEqual(
215        #     src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
216        #         first, last_input=last,
217        #     ),
218        #     (first, last)
219        # )
220        assert reality == my_expectation
221        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
222
223
224def test_optional_arguments():

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_args_and_kwargs

    197        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
198
199    def test_args_and_kwargs(self):
200        first, last = 'first', 'last'
201
202        reality = src.functions.args_and_kwargs(
203            first, last_input=last,
204        )
205        my_expectation = (first, last)
206        assert reality == my_expectation
207        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
208
209
210def test_optional_arguments():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_args_and_kwargs to TestFunctions'

test_optional_arguments with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_optional_arguments to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    207        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
208
209    def test_optional_arguments():
210        optional_arguments = (
211            src.functions.optional_arguments
212        )
213
214        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
215
216        assert (
217            optional_arguments(
218                first_name,
219            )
220        == (first_name, last_name)
221        )

    223        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
224        assert (
225            optional_arguments(
226                first_name, blow
227            )
228        == (first_name, blow)
229        )

    231        first_name = 'john'
232        assert (
233            optional_arguments(
234                first_input=first_name
235            )
236        == (first_name, last_name)
237        )

    239        last_name = 'smith'
240        assert (
241            optional_arguments(
242                last_input=last_name,
243                first_input=first_name,
244            )
245        == (first_name, last_name)
246        )
247
248
249def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_optional_arguments()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_optional_arguments

209    # def test_optional_arguments():
210    def test_optional_arguments(self):

green again.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method in test_optional_arguments

    209    # def test_optional_arguments():
210    def test_optional_arguments(self):
211        optional_arguments = (
212            src.functions.optional_arguments
213        )
214
215        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
216
217        assert (
218            optional_arguments(
219                first_name,
220            )
221        == (first_name, last_name)
222        )
223        self.assertNotEqual(
224            optional_arguments(
225                first_name,
226            ),
227            (first_name, last_name)
228        )

    230        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
231        assert (
232            optional_arguments(
233                first_name, blow
234            )
235        == (first_name, blow)
236        )
237        self.assertNotEqual(
238            optional_arguments(
239                first_name, blow
240            ),
241            (first_name, blow)
242        )

    244        first_name = 'john'
245        assert (
246            optional_arguments(
247                first_input=first_name
248            )
249        == (first_name, last_name)
250        )
251        self.assertNotEqual(
252            optional_arguments(
253                first_input=first_name
254            ),
255            (first_name, last_name)
256        )

    258        last_name = 'smith'
259        assert (
260            optional_arguments(
261                last_input=last_name,
262                first_input=first_name,
263            )
264        == (first_name, last_name)
265        )
266        self.assertNotEqual(
267            optional_arguments(
268                last_input=last_name,
269                first_input=first_name,
270            ),
271            (first_name, last_name)
272        )
273
274
275def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError.

  • I change the calls from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_optional_arguments

    209    # def test_optional_arguments():
210    def test_optional_arguments(self):
211        optional_arguments = (
212            src.functions.optional_arguments
213        )
214
215        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
216
217        assert (
218            optional_arguments(
219                first_name,
220            )
221        == (first_name, last_name)
222        )
223        # self.assertNotEqual(
224        self.assertEqual(
225            optional_arguments(
226                first_name,
227            ),
228            (first_name, last_name)
229        )

    231        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
232        assert (
233            optional_arguments(
234                first_name, blow
235            )
236        == (first_name, blow)
237        )
238        # self.assertNotEqual(
239        self.assertEqual(
240            optional_arguments(
241                first_name, blow
242            ),
243            (first_name, blow)
244        )

    246        first_name = 'john'
247        assert (
248            optional_arguments(
249                first_input=first_name
250            )
251        == (first_name, last_name)
252        )
253        # self.assertNotEqual(
254        self.assertEqual(
255            optional_arguments(
256                first_input=first_name
257            ),
258            (first_name, last_name)
259        )

    261        last_name = 'smith'
262        assert (
263            optional_arguments(
264                last_input=last_name,
265                first_input=first_name,
266            )
267        == (first_name, last_name)
268        )
269        # self.assertNotEqual(
270        self.assertEqual(
271            optional_arguments(
272                last_input=last_name,
273                first_input=first_name,
274            ),
275            (first_name, last_name)
276        )
277
278
279def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for the calls to src.functions.optional_arguments and my expectations

    209    # def test_optional_arguments():
210    def test_optional_arguments(self):
211        optional_arguments = (
212            src.functions.optional_arguments
213        )
214
215        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
216
217        reality = optional_arguments(first_name)
218        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
219        assert (
220            optional_arguments(
221                first_name,
222            )
223        == (first_name, last_name)
224        )
225        # self.assertNotEqual(
226        self.assertEqual(
227            optional_arguments(
228                first_name,
229            ),
230            (first_name, last_name)
231        )

    233        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
234
235        reality = optional_arguments(
236            first_name, blow
237        )
238        my_expectation = (first_name, blow)
239        assert (
240            optional_arguments(
241                first_name, blow
242            )
243        == (first_name, blow)
244        )
245        # self.assertNotEqual(
246        self.assertEqual(
247            optional_arguments(
248                first_name, blow
249            ),
250            (first_name, blow)
251        )

    253        first_name = 'john'
254
255        reality = optional_arguments(
256            first_input=first_name
257        )
258        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
259        assert (
260            optional_arguments(
261                first_input=first_name
262            )
263        == (first_name, last_name)
264        )
265        # self.assertNotEqual(
266        self.assertEqual(
267            optional_arguments(
268                first_input=first_name
269            ),
270            (first_name, last_name)
271        )

    273        last_name = 'smith'
274
275        reality = optional_arguments(
276            last_input=last_name,
277            first_input=first_name,
278        )
279        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
280        assert (
281            optional_arguments(
282                last_input=last_name,
283                first_input=first_name,
284            )
285        == (first_name, last_name)
286        )
287        # self.assertNotEqual(
288        self.assertEqual(
289            optional_arguments(
290                last_input=last_name,
291                first_input=first_name,
292            ),
293            (first_name, last_name)
294        )
295
296
297def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of the calls to src.functions.optional_arguments and my expectations, from test_optional_arguments

    209    # def test_optional_arguments():
210    def test_optional_arguments(self):
211        optional_arguments = (
212            src.functions.optional_arguments
213        )
214
215        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
216
217        reality = optional_arguments(first_name)
218        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
219        # assert (
220        #     optional_arguments(
221        #         first_name,
222        #     )
223        # == (first_name, last_name)
224        # )
225        # self.assertNotEqual(
226        # self.assertEqual(
227        #     optional_arguments(
228        #         first_name,
229        #     ),
230        #     (first_name, last_name)
231        # )
232        assert reality == my_expectation
233        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    235        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
236
237        reality = optional_arguments(
238            first_name, blow
239        )
240        my_expectation = (first_name, blow)
241        # assert (
242        #     optional_arguments(
243        #         first_name, blow
244        #     )
245        # == (first_name, blow)
246        # )
247        # self.assertNotEqual(
248        # self.assertEqual(
249        #     optional_arguments(
250        #         first_name, blow
251        #     ),
252        #     (first_name, blow)
253        # )
254        assert reality == my_expectation
255        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    257        first_name = 'john'
258
259        reality = optional_arguments(
260            first_input=first_name
261        )
262        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
263        # assert (
264        #     optional_arguments(
265        #         first_input=first_name
266        #     )
267        # == (first_name, last_name)
268        # )
269        # self.assertNotEqual(
270        # self.assertEqual(
271        #     optional_arguments(
272        #         first_input=first_name
273        #     ),
274        #     (first_name, last_name)
275        # )
276        assert reality == my_expectation
277        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    279        last_name = 'smith'
280
281        reality = optional_arguments(
282            last_input=last_name,
283            first_input=first_name,
284        )
285        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
286        # assert (
287        #     optional_arguments(
288        #         last_input=last_name,
289        #         first_input=first_name,
290        #     )
291        # == (first_name, last_name)
292        # )
293        # self.assertNotEqual(
294        # self.assertEqual(
295        #     optional_arguments(
296        #         last_input=last_name,
297        #         first_input=first_name,
298        #     ),
299        #     (first_name, last_name)
300        # )
301        assert reality == my_expectation
302        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
303
304
305def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_optional_arguments

    207        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
208
209    def test_optional_arguments(self):
210        optional_arguments = (
211            src.functions.optional_arguments
212        )
213
214        first_name, last_name = 'jane', 'doe'
215
216        reality = optional_arguments(first_name)
217        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
218        assert reality == my_expectation
219        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    221        first_name, blow = 'joe', 'blow'
222
223        reality = optional_arguments(
224            first_name, blow
225        )
226        my_expectation = (first_name, blow)
227        assert reality == my_expectation
228        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    230        first_name = 'john'
231
232        reality = optional_arguments(
233            first_input=first_name
234        )
235        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
236        assert reality == my_expectation
237        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    239        last_name = 'smith'
240
241        reality = optional_arguments(
242            last_input=last_name,
243            first_input=first_name,
244        )
245        my_expectation = (first_name, last_name)
246        assert reality == my_expectation
247        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
248
249
250def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_optional_arguments to TestFunctions'

test_unknown_number_of_arguments with unittest

RED: make it fail

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I move test_unknown_number_of_arguments to make it a method of the TestFunctions class

    247            self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
248
249    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
251            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
252        )
253
254        a_tuple = (0, 1)
255        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
256        assert (
257            unknown_number_of_arguments(
258                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
259            )
260        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
261        )

    263        a_tuple = (0, 1)
264        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
265        assert (
266            unknown_number_of_arguments(
267                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
268            )
269        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
270        )

    272        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
273        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
274        assert (
275            unknown_number_of_arguments(
276                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
277            )
278        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
279        )

    281        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
282        assert (
283            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
284        == (a_tuple, {})
285        )

    287        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
288        assert (
289            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary)
290        == ((), a_dictionary)
291        )

    293        assert (
294            unknown_number_of_arguments()
295        == ((), {})
296        )
297
298
299# Exceptions seen

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError:
    TestFunctions.test_unknown_number_of_arguments()
    takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given

    because a method of an instance takes the instance of the class (self) it belongs to as the first argument.

GREEN: make it pass

I add self to the parentheses of test_unknown_number_of_arguments

249    # def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):

green.

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I add calls to the assertNotEqual method in test_unknown_number_of_arguments

    249    # def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
251        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
252            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
253        )
254
255        a_tuple = (0, 1)
256        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
257        assert (
258            unknown_number_of_arguments(
259                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
260            )
261        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
262        )
263        self.assertNotEqual(
264            unknown_number_of_arguments(
265                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
266            ),
267            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
268        )

    270        a_tuple = (0, 1)
271        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
272        assert (
273            unknown_number_of_arguments(
274                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
275            )
276        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
277        )
278        self.assertNotEqual(
279            unknown_number_of_arguments(
280                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
281            ),
282            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
283        )

    285        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
286        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
287        assert (
288            unknown_number_of_arguments(
289                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
290            )
291        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
292        )
293        self.assertNotEqual(
294            unknown_number_of_arguments(
295                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
296            ),
297            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
298        )

    300        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
301        assert (
302            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
303        == (a_tuple, {})
304        )
305        self.assertNotEqual(
306            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple),
307            (a_tuple, {})
308        )

    310        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
311        assert (
312            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary)
313        == ((), a_dictionary)
314        )
315        self.assertNotEqual(
316            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary),
317            ((), a_dictionary)
318        )

    320        assert (
321            unknown_number_of_arguments()
322        == ((), {})
323        )
324        self.assertNotEqual(
325            unknown_number_of_arguments(),
326            ((), {})
327        )
328
329
330# Exceptions seen

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AssertionError.

  • I change the calls from assertNotEqual to assertEqual in test_unknown_number_of_arguments

    249    # def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
251        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
252            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
253        )
254
255        a_tuple = (0, 1)
256        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
257        assert (
258            unknown_number_of_arguments(
259                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
260            )
261        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
262        )
263        # self.assertNotEqual(
264        self.assertEqual(
265            unknown_number_of_arguments(
266                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
267            ),
268            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
269        )

    271        a_tuple = (0, 1)
272        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
273        assert (
274            unknown_number_of_arguments(
275                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
276            )
277        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
278        )
279        # self.assertNotEqual(
280        self.assertEqual(
281            unknown_number_of_arguments(
282                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
283            ),
284            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
285        )

    287        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
288        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
289        assert (
290            unknown_number_of_arguments(
291                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
292            )
293        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
294        )
295        # self.assertNotEqual(
296        self.assertEqual(
297            unknown_number_of_arguments(
298                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
299            ),
300            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
301        )

    303        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
304        assert (
305            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
306        == (a_tuple, {})
307        )
308        # self.assertNotEqual(
309        self.assertEqual(
310            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple),
311            (a_tuple, {})
312        )

    314        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
315        assert (
316            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary)
317        == ((), a_dictionary)
318        )
319        # self.assertNotEqual(
320        self.assertEqual(
321            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary),
322            ((), a_dictionary)
323        )

    271        assert (
272            unknown_number_of_arguments()
273        == ((), {})
274        )
275        # self.assertNotEqual(
276        self.assertEqual(
277            unknown_number_of_arguments(),
278            ((), {})
279        )
280
281
282# Exceptions seen

    the test passes.

  • I add variables for the calls to src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments and my expectations

    249    # def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
251        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
252            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
253        )
254
255        a_tuple = (0, 1)
256        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
257
258        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
259            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
260        )
261        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
262        assert (
263            unknown_number_of_arguments(
264                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
265            )
266        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
267        )
268        # self.assertNotEqual(
269        self.assertEqual(
270            unknown_number_of_arguments(
271                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
272            ),
273            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
274        )

    276        a_tuple = (0, 1)
277        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
278
279        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
280            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
281        )
282        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
283        assert (
284            unknown_number_of_arguments(
285                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
286            )
287        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
288        )
289        # self.assertNotEqual(
290        self.assertEqual(
291            unknown_number_of_arguments(
292                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
293            ),
294            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
295        )

    297        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
298        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
299
300        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
301            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
302        )
303        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
304        assert (
305            unknown_number_of_arguments(
306                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
307            )
308        == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
309        )
310        # self.assertNotEqual(
311        self.assertEqual(
312            unknown_number_of_arguments(
313                *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
314            ),
315            (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
316        )

    318        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
319
320        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
321        my_expectation = (a_tuple, {})
322        assert (
323            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
324        == (a_tuple, {})
325        )
326        # self.assertNotEqual(
327        self.assertEqual(
328            unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple),
329            (a_tuple, {})
330        )

    332        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
333
334        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
335            **a_dictionary
336        )
337        my_expectation = ((), a_dictionary)
338        assert (
339            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary)
340        == ((), a_dictionary)
341        )
342        # self.assertNotEqual(
343        self.assertEqual(
344            unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary),
345            ((), a_dictionary)
346        )

    348        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments()
349        my_expectation = ((), {})
350        assert (
351            unknown_number_of_arguments()
352        == ((), {})
353        )
354        # self.assertNotEqual(
355        self.assertEqual(
356            unknown_number_of_arguments(),
357            ((), {})
358        )
359
360
361# Exceptions seen

  • I use the variables to remove repetition of the calls to src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments and my expectations, from test_unknown_number_of_arguments

    249    # def test_unknown_number_of_arguments():
250    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
251        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
252            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
253        )
254
255        a_tuple = (0, 1)
256        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
257
258        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
259            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
260        )
261        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
262        # assert (
263        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
264        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
265        #     )
266        # == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
267        # )
268        # self.assertNotEqual(
269        # self.assertEqual(
270        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
271        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
272        #     ),
273        #     (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
274        # )
275        assert reality == my_expectation
276        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    278        a_tuple = (0, 1)
279        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
280
281        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
282            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
283        )
284        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
285        # assert (
286        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
287        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
288        #     )
289        # == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
290        # )
291        # self.assertNotEqual(
292        # self.assertEqual(
293        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
294        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
295        #     ),
296        #     (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
297        # )
298        assert reality == my_expectation
299        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    301        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
302        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
303
304        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
305            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
306        )
307        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
308        # assert (
309        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
310        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
311        #     )
312        # == (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
313        # )
314        # self.assertNotEqual(
315        # self.assertEqual(
316        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(
317        #         *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
318        #     ),
319        #     (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
320        # )
321        assert reality == my_expectation
322        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    324        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
325
326        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
327        my_expectation = (a_tuple, {})
328        # assert (
329        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
330        # == (a_tuple, {})
331        # )
332        # self.assertNotEqual(
333        # self.assertEqual(
334        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple),
335        #     (a_tuple, {})
336        # )
337        assert reality == my_expectation
338        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    340        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
341
342        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
343            **a_dictionary
344        )
345        my_expectation = ((), a_dictionary)
346        # assert (
347        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary)
348        # == ((), a_dictionary)
349        # )
350        # self.assertNotEqual(
351        # self.assertEqual(
352        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(**a_dictionary),
353        #     ((), a_dictionary)
354        # )
355        assert reality == my_expectation
356        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    358        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments()
359        my_expectation = ((), {})
360        # assert (
361        #     unknown_number_of_arguments()
362        # == ((), {})
363        # )
364        # self.assertNotEqual(
365        # self.assertEqual(
366        #     unknown_number_of_arguments(),
367        #     ((), {})
368        # )
369        assert reality == my_expectation
370        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
371
372
373# Exceptions seen

    the test is still green.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_unknown_number_of_arguments

    247        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
248
249    def test_unknown_number_of_arguments(self):
250        unknown_number_of_arguments = (
251            src.functions.unknown_number_of_arguments
252        )
253
254        a_tuple = (0, 1)
255        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3}
256
257        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
258            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
259        )
260        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
261        assert reality == my_expectation
262        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    264        a_tuple = (0, 1)
265        a_dictionary = {'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}
266
267        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
268            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
269        )
270        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
271        assert reality == my_expectation
272        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    274        a_tuple = (0, 1, 2)
275        a_dictionary = {'a': 3, 'b': 4, 'c': 5}
276
277        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
278            *a_tuple, **a_dictionary
279        )
280        my_expectation = (a_tuple, a_dictionary)
281        assert reality == my_expectation
282        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    284        a_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 'n')
285
286        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(*a_tuple)
287        my_expectation = (a_tuple, {})
288        assert reality == my_expectation
289        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    291        a_dictionary = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 'n'}
292
293        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments(
294            **a_dictionary
295        )
296        my_expectation = ((), a_dictionary)
297        assert reality == my_expectation
298        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)

    300        reality = unknown_number_of_arguments()
301        my_expectation = ((), {})
302        assert reality == my_expectation
303        self.assertEqual(reality, my_expectation)
304
305
306# Exceptions seen
307# AssertionError
308# NameError
309# TypeError
310# SyntaxError
311# ModuleNotFoundError
312# AttributeError

  • I add a git commit message in the other terminal

    git commit -am \
'move test_unknown_number_of_arguments to TestFunctions'

close the project

  • I close test_functions.py

  • I click in the terminal where the tests are running

  • I use q on the keyboard to leave the tests. The terminal goes back to the command line.

  • I change directory to the parent of functions

    cd ..

    the terminal shows

    .../pumping_python

    I am back in the pumping_python directory.

review

I can use the unittest library to write tests with the methods of the unittest.TestCase class or I can write them with bare assert statements.

code from the chapter

Do you want to see all the CODE I typed in this chapter?

what is next?

So far, I know

Would you like to test the person project with the unittest library?

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