conventions

Here are a few conventions to know in Python

names

CapWords

class names in Python are written in the CapWords format, where the first letter of every word in the name is capitalized, for example

class AClassName(object):

I can use any case I want but CapWords keeps things consistent

how to use class methods and attributes

class attributes and methods can be used inside a class with self

for example

class AClass(object):

    an_attribute

    def a_method(self):
        return self.an_attribute

    def another_method(self):
        return self.a_method()

a_method can use the an_attribute class attribute with self.an_attribute instead of AClass.an_attribute
another_method can use the a_method method with self.method instead of AClass.a_method()

Note

self is Python convention, I can use any name I want

snake_case

variable and function/method names are in lowercase with underscores in between when it is more than one word, for example

variables
```
variable_name = None
```

functions

def function_name(*positional_arguments, **keyword_arguments):

for more details see the Python Style Guide

comments

Comments are made with a hashtag/pound before the thing that is commented for example

# This is a comment

comments do not do anything, they are notes. Python ignores them

enclosures

Enclosures must be closed once open, which means they happen in pairs for example

quotes

""      <- double quotes
""""""  <- triple double quotes
''      <- single quotes
''''''  <- triple single quotes

parentheses
```
()
```
square brackets/braces
```
[]
```
curly brackets/braces
```
{}
```

The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) takes care of this, it automatically closes them when you open one

quotes

Quotes are for strings and can be

single quotes
```
'single quotes'
```
double quotes
```
"double quotes"
```

triple single quotes to write one string on many lines

'''text on different lines
with
triple double quotes
'''

triple double quotes to write one string on many lines

"""text on different lines
with
triple double quotes
"""

tuples

A tuple is a sequence or container of objects that cannot be changed later, this means it is immutable. They are represented with parentheses/brackets (()), and the things in them are separated by commas, for example

()
(0,)
(1, 2.5, "three", [4, 'five'])

lists

A list/array is a sequence or container of objects that can be changed after it is defined, it is mutable. They are represented with square brackets ([]) and the things in them are separated by commas, for example

[]
[0]
[1, 2.5, 'three', (4, "five")]

sets

A set is a container of objects that have no duplicates, and are represented with curly braces/brackets ({}), for example

{1, 2.5, 'three', (4, 'five')}

dictionaries/mappings

Dictionaries/Mappings are also represented with curly braces/brackets ({}) but have key-value pairs, for example

{}
{
    'integer': 1,
    'floating_point': 2.5,
    'string': 'three',
    'tuple': (1, 2.5, "three", [4, 'five'])
    'list': [1, 2.5, 'three', (4, "five")]
    'set': {1, 2.5, 'three', (4, 'five')}
    'dictionary': {
        'integer': 1,
        'floating_point': 2.5,
        'string': 'three',
        'tuple': (1, 2.5, "three", [4, 'five'])
        'list': [1, 2.5, 'three', (4, "five")]
        'set': {1, 2.5, 'three', (4, 'five')},
        'dictionary': ...
    }
}

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