separate and equal TypeError

I want to move the functions from test_type_error.py in the tests folder to type_error.py in the src folder so that I can keep the tests and solutions separate.

preview

I have these tests by the end of the chapter

type_error/tests/test_type_error.py
 1import src.type_error
 2
 3
 4def test_type_error_w_positional_arguments():
 5    src.type_error.function_00('a')
 6    src.type_error.function_01('a', 'b')
 7    src.type_error.function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
 8    src.type_error.function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
 9    src.type_error.function_04('a')
10    src.type_error.function_05('a', 'b')
11    src.type_error.function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
12    src.type_error.function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
13    src.type_error.function_08('last', 'one')
14
15
16def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():
17    src.type_error.function_00(the_input=0)
18    src.type_error.function_01(
19        first='first',
20        second={'key': 'value'},
21    )
22    src.type_error.function_02(
23        third=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
24        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
25        first={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
26    )
27    src.type_error.function_03(
28        first=None,
29        second=False,
30        third=True,
31        fourth=4,
32    )
33    src.type_error.function_04(argument='value')
34    src.type_error.function_05(
35        argument_0='value_1',
36        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
37    )
38    src.type_error.function_06(
39        argument_0='value_1',
40        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
41        argument_2=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
42    )
43    src.type_error.function_07(
44        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
45        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
46        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
47        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
48    )
49    src.type_error.function_08(
50        argument='positional',
51        name='keyword',
52    )
53
54
55def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():
56    src.type_error.function_00('argument')
57    src.type_error.function_01(1, 0)
58    src.type_error.function_02(
59        third=True, second=False,
60        first=None,
61    )
62    src.type_error.function_03(
63        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
64        first=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
65        third={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
66        fourth={'key': 'value'},
67    )
68    src.type_error.function_04('value')
69    src.type_error.function_05(
70        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
71        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
72    )
73    src.type_error.function_06(
74        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
75        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
76        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
77    )
78    src.type_error.function_07(
79        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
80        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
81        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
82        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
83    )
84    src.type_error.function_08(
85        'positional',
86        argument='keyword',
87    )
88
89
90# Exceptions seen
91# AssertionError
92# NameError
93# TypeError
94# ModuleNotFoundError
95# AttributeError

open the project

mass migration

RED: make it fail

I change the call to function_00 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_00 of type_error.py in the src folder

43def test_type_error_w_positional_arguments():
44    # function_00('a')
45    src.type_error.function_00('a')
46    function_01('a', 'b')
47    function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
48    function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
49    function_04('a')
50    function_05('a', 'b')
51    function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
52    function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
53    function_08('last', 'one')
54
55
56def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():

the terminal is my friend, and shows NameError

NameError: name 'src' is not defined

because src is not defined in test_type_error.py.

GREEN: make it pass

  • I add an import statement at the top of test_type_error.py

    1import src.type_error
2
3
4def function_00(the_input):
5    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows ModuleNotFoundError

    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'src'

    because there is nothing named src in this project.

  • I add ModuleNotFoundError to the list of Exceptions seen

    133# Exceptions seen
134# AssertionError
135# NameError
136# TypeError
137# ModuleNotFoundError

  • I open another terminal then make sure I am in the type_error folder

    cd type_error

  • I use mkdir to make a folder named src

    mkdir src

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running.

  • I use ctrl/command+s (Windows & Linux/MacOS) on the keyboard in test_type_error.py to run the tests again and the terminal shows ModuleNotFoundError

    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'src.type_error'

    because there is nothing in the src folder named type_error.

  • I go to the second terminal I opened, then use touch to make type_error.py in the src folder

    touch src/type_error.py

  • I add the new file to git for tracking

    git add src/type_error.py

    the terminal goes back to the command line.

  • I go back to the terminal where the tests are running and it shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_00'

    because there is nothing in type_error.py in the src folder with the name function_00.

  • I add AttributeError to the list of Exceptions seen

    133# Exceptions seen
134# AssertionError
135# NameError
136# TypeError
137# ModuleNotFoundError
138# AttributeError

  • I open type_error/__init__.py from the src folder

  • I add a definition for function_00 to type_error.py

    1def function_00():
2    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_00() takes
           0 positional arguments but 1 was given

  • I add a name to the parentheses

    1# def function_00():
2def function_00(one):
3    return None

    the test passes because

    • Python brings in an object for the type_error.py file from the src folder so I can use it in test_type_error.py as src.type_error when import src.type_error runs.

    • Python calls the function_00 function from the object it imported for the type_error.py file from the src folder (src.type_error) when src.type_error.function_00 is called.

    I think of src.type_error.function_00 like an address

    src.type_error.function_00
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_00(one):
        └── return None

REFACTOR: make it better

  • I change the call to function_01 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_01 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    46def test_type_error_w_positional_arguments():
47    # function_00('a')
48    src.type_error.function_00('a')
49    # function_01('a', 'b')
50    src.type_error.function_01('a', 'b')
51    function_02('a', 'b', 'c')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_01'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_01 to type_error.py

    1# def function_00():
2def function_00(one):
3    return None
4
5
6def function_01():
7    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_01() takes
           0 positional arguments but 2 were given

  • I add two names in the parentheses

    1# def function_00():
2def function_00(one):
3    return None
4
5
6# def function_01():
7def function_01(one, two):
8    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_01 is called

    src.type_error.function_01
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_01(one, two):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_02 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_02 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    50    src.type_error.function_01('a', 'b')
51    # function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
52    src.type_error.function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
53    function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_02'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_02 to type_error.py

     6# def function_01():
 7def function_01(one, two):
 8    return None
 9
10
11def function_02():
12    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_02() takes
           0 positional arguments but 3 were given

  • I add three names to the parentheses

     6# def function_01():
 7def function_01(one, two):
 8    return None
 9
10
11# def function_02():
12def function_02(one, two, three):
13    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_02 is called

    src.type_error.function_02
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_02(one, two, three):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_03 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_03 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    52    src.type_error.function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
53    # function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
54    src.type_error.function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
55    function_04('a')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_03'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_03 to type_error.py

    11# def function_02():
12def function_02(one, two, three):
13    return None
14
15
16def function_03():
17    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_03() takes
           0 positional arguments but 4 were given

  • I add four names to the parentheses

    11# def function_02():
12def function_02(one, two, three):
13    return None
14
15
16# def function_03():
17def function_03(one, two, three, four):
18    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_03 is called

    src.type_error.function_03
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_03(one, two, three, four):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_04 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_04 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    54    src.type_error.function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
55    # function_04('a')
56    src.type_error.function_04('a')
57    function_05('a', 'b')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_04'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_04 to type_error.py

    16# def function_03():
17def function_03(one, two, three, four):
18    return None
19
20
21def function_04():
22    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_04() takes
           0 positional arguments but 1 was given

  • I add one to the parentheses

    16# def function_03():
17def function_03(one, two, three, four):
18    return None
19
20
21# def function_04():
22def function_04(one):
23    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_04 is called

    src.type_error.function_04
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_04(one):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_05 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_05 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    56    src.type_error.function_04('a')
57    # function_05('a', 'b')
58    src.type_error.function_05('a', 'b')
59    function_06('a', 'b', 'c')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_05'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_05 to type_error.py

    21# def function_04():
22def function_04(one):
23    return None
24
25
26def function_05():
27    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_05() takes
           0 positional arguments but 2 were given

  • I add two names to the parentheses

    21# def function_04():
22def function_04(one):
23    return None
24
25
26# def function_05():
27def function_05(one, two):
28    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_05 is called

    src.type_error.function_05
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_05(one, two):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_06 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_06 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    58    src.type_error.function_05('a', 'b')
59    # function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
60    src.type_error.function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
61    function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_06'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_06 to type_error.py

    26# def function_05():
27def function_05(one, two):
28    return None
29
30
31def function_06():
32    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_06() takes
           0 positional arguments but 3 were given

  • I add three names to the parentheses

    26# def function_05():
27def function_05(one, two):
28    return None
29
30
31# def function_06():
32def function_06(one, two, three):
33    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_06 is called

    src.type_error.function_06
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_06(one, two, three):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_07 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_07 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    60    src.type_error.function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
61    # function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
62    src.type_error.function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
63    function_08('last', 'one')
64
65
66def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_07'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_07 to type_error.py

    31# def function_06():
32def function_06(one, two, three):
33    return None
34
35
36def function_07():
37    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_07() takes
           0 positional arguments but 4 were given

  • I add four names to the parentheses

    31# def function_06():
32def function_06(one, two, three):
33    return None
34
35
36# def function_07():
37def function_07(one, two, three, four):
38    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_07 is called

    src.type_error.function_07
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_07(one, two, three, four):
        └── return None

  • I change the call to function_08 in test_type_error_w_positional_arguments to be a call to function_08 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    62    src.type_error.function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
63    # function_08('last', 'one')
64    src.type_error.function_08('last', 'one')
65
66
67def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows AttributeError

    AttributeError: module 'src.type_error'
                has no attribute 'function_08'.
                Did you mean: 'function_00'?

  • I add a function definition for function_08 to type_error.py

    36# def function_07():
37def function_07(one, two, three, four):
38    return None
39
40
41def function_08():
42    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_08() takes
           0 positional arguments but 2 were given

  • I add two names to the parentheses

    36# def function_07():
37def function_07(one, two, three, four):
38    return None
39
40
41# def function_08():
42def function_08(one, two):
43    return None

    the test passes because Python follows this path when src.type_error.function_08 is called

    src.type_error.function_08
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_08(one, two):
        └── return None

  • I remove the commented lines from test_type_error_w_positional_arguments in test_type_error.py

    46def test_type_error_w_positional_arguments():
47    src.type_error.function_00('a')
48    src.type_error.function_01('a', 'b')
49    src.type_error.function_02('a', 'b', 'c')
50    src.type_error.function_03('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
51    src.type_error.function_04('a')
52    src.type_error.function_05('a', 'b')
53    src.type_error.function_06('a', 'b', 'c')
54    src.type_error.function_07('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
55    src.type_error.function_08('last', 'one')
56
57
58def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():

  • I change the call to function_00 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_00 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    58def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():
59    # function_00(the_input=0)
60    src.type_error.function_00(the_input=0)
61    function_01(
62        first='first',
63        second={'key': 'value'},
64    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_00() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'the_input'

    because the call uses a name (the_input) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I add the_input to the parentheses of the definition of function_00 in type_error.py

    1# def function_00():
2# def function_00(one):
3def function_00(one, the_input):
4    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_00() missing
               1 required positional argument: 'the_input'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_00() missing
               1 required positional argument: 'one'

    my change broke a test that was passing.

  • I remove one from the parentheses

    1# def function_00():
2# def function_00(one):
3# def function_00(one, the_input):
4def function_00(the_input):
5    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_01 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_01 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    58def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():
59    # function_00(the_input=0)
60    src.type_error.function_00(the_input=0)
61    # function_01(
62    src.type_error.function_01(
63        first='first',
64        second={'key': 'value'},
65    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_01() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'first'

    because the call uses a name (first) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I add first to the parentheses of the definition of function_01 in type_error.py

     8# def function_01():
 9# def function_01(one, two):
10def function_01(one, two, first):
11    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_01() missing
               1 required positional argument: 'first'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_01() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'second'

    another change that broke a test that was passing.

  • I add second to the parentheses

     8# def function_01():
 9# def function_01(one, two):
10# def function_01(one, two, first):
11def function_01(one, two, first, second):
12    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_01() missing
               2 required positional arguments:
               'first' and 'second'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_01() missing
               2 required positional arguments:
               'one' and 'two'

  • I remove one and two from the parentheses

     8# def function_01():
 9# def function_01(one, two):
10# def function_01(one, two, first):
11# def function_01(one, two, first, second):
12def function_01(first, second):
13    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_02 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_02 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    62    src.type_error.function_01(
63        first='first',
64        second={'key': 'value'},
65    )
66    # function_02(
67    src.type_error.function_02(
68        third=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
69        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
70        first={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
71    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_02() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'third'

    because the call uses a name (third) that …

  • I add third to the parentheses of the definition of function_02 in type_error.py

    16# def function_02():
17# def function_02(one, two, three):
18def function_02(one, two, three, third):
19    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() missing
               1 required positional argument: 'third'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'second'

    I broke a test that was passing.

  • I add second to the parentheses

    16# def function_02():
17# def function_02(one, two, three):
18# def function_02(one, two, three, third):
19def function_02(one, two, three, third, second):
20    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() missing
               2 required positional arguments:
               'third' and 'second'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'first'

  • I add first to the parentheses

    16# def function_02():
17# def function_02(one, two, three):
18# def function_02(one, two, three, third):
19# def function_02(one, two, three, third, second):
20def function_02(
21    one, two, three,
22    third, second, first
23):
24    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() missing
               3 required positional arguments:
               'third', 'second', and 'first'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_02() missing
               3 required positional arguments:
               'one', 'two', and 'three'

  • I remove one, two and three from the parentheses

    16# def function_02():
17# def function_02(one, two, three):
18# def function_02(one, two, three, third):
19# def function_02(one, two, three, third, second):
20def function_02(
21    # one, two, three,
22    third, second, first
23):
24    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_03 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_03 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    67    src.type_error.function_02(
68        third=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
69        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
70        first={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
71    )
72    # function_03(
73    src.type_error.function_03(
74        first=None,
75        second=False,
76        third=True,
77        fourth=4,
78    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_03() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'first'

    because …

  • I add first to the parentheses of the definition of function_03 in type_error.py

    27# def function_03():
28# def function_03(one, two, three, four):
29def function_03(one, two, three, four, first):
30    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() missing
               1 required positional argument: 'first'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'second'

  • I add second to the parentheses

    27# def function_03():
28# def function_03(one, two, three, four):
29# def function_03(one, two, three, four, first):
30def function_03(
31    one, two, three, four,
32    first, second,
33):
34    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() missing
               2 required positional arguments:
               'first' and 'second'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'third'

    because there is a

    • call that does not have the same number of arguments as the parentheses of its definition.

    • call that uses a name (third) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I add third to the parentheses

    27# def function_03():
28# def function_03(one, two, three, four):
29# def function_03(one, two, three, four, first):
30def function_03(
31    one, two, three, four,
32    # first, second,
33    first, second, third,
34):
35    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() missing
               3 required positional arguments:
               'first', 'second', and 'third'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() got
               an unexpected keyword argument 'fourth'.
               Did you mean 'four'?

    because there is a

    • call that does not have the same number of arguments as the parentheses of its definition.

    • call that uses a name (fourth) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I add fourth to the parentheses

    27# def function_03():
28# def function_03(one, two, three, four):
29# def function_03(one, two, three, four, first):
30def function_03(
31    one, two, three, four,
32    # first, second,
33    # first, second, third,
34    first, second, third, fourth,
35):
36    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_positional_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() missing
               4 required positional arguments:
               'first', 'second', 'third', and 'fourth'
FAILED ...::test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments -
    TypeError: function_03() missing
               4 required positional arguments:
               'one', 'two', 'three', and 'four'

  • I remove one, two, three and four from the parentheses

    27# def function_03():
28# def function_03(one, two, three, four):
29# def function_03(one, two, three, four, first):
30def function_03(
31    # one, two, three, four,
32    # first, second
33    # first, second, third,
34    first, second, third, fourth,
35):
36    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_04 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_04 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    73    src.type_error.function_03(
74        first=None,
75        second=False,
76        third=True,
77        fourth=4,
78    )
79    # function_04(argument='value')
80    src.type_error.function_04(argument='value')
81    function_05(
82        argument_0='value_1',
83        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
84    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_04() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument'

  • I change one to argument in the parentheses of the definition of function_04 in type_error.py

    39# def function_04():
40# def function_04(one):
41def function_04(argument):
42    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_05 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_05 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    80    src.type_error.function_04(argument='value')
81    # function_05(
82    src.type_error.function_05(
83        argument_0='value_1',
84        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
85    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_05() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_0'

  • I change one to argument_0 in the parentheses of the definition of function_05 in type_error.py

    45# def function_05():
46# def function_05(one, two):
47def function_05(argument_0, two):
48    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_05() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_1'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

  • I change two to argument_1 in the parentheses

    45# def function_05():
46# def function_05(one, two):
47# def function_05(argument_0, two):
48def function_05(argument_0, argument_1):
49    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_06 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_06 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    82    src.type_error.function_05(
83        argument_0='value_1',
84        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
85    )
86    # function_06(
87    src.type_error.function_06(
88        argument_0='value_1',
89        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
90        argument_2=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
91    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_06() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_0'

  • I change one to argument_0 in the parentheses of the definition of function_06 in type_error.py

    52# def function_06():
53# def function_06(one, two, three):
54def function_06(argument_0, two, three):
55    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_06() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_1'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

  • I change two to argument_1 in the parentheses

    52# def function_06():
53# def function_06(one, two, three):
54# def function_06(argument_0, two, three):
55def function_06(argument_0, argument_1, three):
56    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_06() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_2'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

  • I change three to argument_2 in the parentheses

    52# def function_06():
53# def function_06(one, two, three):
54# def function_06(argument_0, two, three):
55# def function_06(argument_0, argument_1, three):
56def function_06(argument_0, argument_1, argument_2):
57    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_07 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_07 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    87    src.type_error.function_06(
88        argument_0='value_1',
89        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
90        argument_2=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
91    )
92    # function_07(
93    src.type_error.function_07(
94        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
95        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
96        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
97        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
98    )

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_07() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_0'

    because there is a call that uses a name (argument_0) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I change one to argument_0 in the parentheses of the definition of function_07 in type_error.py

    60# def function_07():
61# def function_07(one, two, three, four):
62def function_07(argument_0, two, three, four):
63    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_07() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_1'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

    because …

  • I change two to argument_1 in the parentheses

    60# def function_07():
61# def function_07(one, two, three, four):
62# def function_07(argument_0, two, three, four):
63def function_07(
64    argument_0, argument_1, three, four
65):
66    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_07() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_2'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

    because there is a call that uses a name (argument_2) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I change three to argument_2 in the parentheses

    60# def function_07():
61# def function_07(one, two, three, four):
62# def function_07(argument_0, two, three, four):
63def function_07(
64    # argument_0, argument_1, three, four
65    argument_0, argument_1,
66    argument_2, four
67):
68    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_07() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument_n'.
           Did you mean 'argument_0'?

  • I change four to argument_n in the parentheses

    60# def function_07():
61# def function_07(one, two, three, four):
62# def function_07(argument_0, two, three, four):
63def function_07(
64    # argument_0, argument_1, three, four
65    argument_0, argument_1,
66    # argument_2, four
67    argument_2, argument_n
68):
69    return None

    the test passes.

  • I change the call to function_08 in test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments to be a call to function_08 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

     97    src.type_error.function_07(
 98        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
 99        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
100        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
101        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
102    )
103    # function_08(
104    src.type_error.function_08(
105        argument='positional',
106        name='keyword',
107    )
108
109
110def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_08() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'argument'

    because there is a call that uses a name (argument) that is not in the parentheses of its definition.

  • I change one to argument in the parentheses of the definition of function_08 in type_error.py

    72# def function_08():
73# def function_08(one, two):
74def function_08(argument, two):
75    return None

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_08() got
           an unexpected keyword argument 'name'.

  • I change two to name in the parentheses

    72# def function_08():
73# def function_08(one, two):
74# def function_08(argument, two):
75def function_08(argument, name):
76    return None

    the test passes.

  • I remove the commented lines from test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments in test_type_error.py

    58def test_type_error_w_keyword_arguments():
59    src.type_error.function_00(the_input=0)
60    src.type_error.function_01(
61        first='first',
62        second={'key': 'value'},
63    )

    64    src.type_error.function_02(
65        third=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
66        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
67        first={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
68    )

    69    src.type_error.function_03(
70        first=None,
71        second=False,
72        third=True,
73        fourth=4,
74    )
75    src.type_error.function_04(argument='value')

    76    src.type_error.function_05(
77        argument_0='value_1',
78        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
79    )

    80    src.type_error.function_06(
81        argument_0='value_1',
82        argument_1=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
83        argument_2=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
84    )

    85    src.type_error.function_07(
86        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
87        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
88        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
89        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
90    )

    91    src.type_error.function_08(
92        argument='positional',
93        name='keyword',
94    )
95
96
97def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():

  • I change the call to function_00 in test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs to be a call to function_00 of type_error.py in the src folder, in test_type_error.py

    97def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():
98    # function_00('argument')
99    src.type_error.function_00('argument')

    the test is still green.

  • I change the call to function_01 to src.type_error.function_01

     97def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():
 98    # function_00('argument')
 99    src.type_error.function_00('argument')
100    # function_01(1, 0)
101    src.type_error.function_01(1, 0)

    still green.

  • I change the call to function_02 to src.type_error.function_02

    101    src.type_error.function_01(1, 0)
102    # function_02(
103    src.type_error.function_02(
104        third=True, second=False,
105        first=None,
106    )

    green.

  • I change the call to function_03 to src.type_error.function_03

    103    src.type_error.function_02(
104        third=True, second=False,
105        first=None,
106    )
107    # function_03(
108    src.type_error.function_03(
109        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
110        first=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
111        third={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
112        fourth={'key': 'value'},
113    )

    still green.

  • I change the call to function_04 to src.type_error.function_04

    108    src.type_error.function_03(
109        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
110        first=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
111        third={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
112        fourth={'key': 'value'},
113    )
114    # function_04('value')
115    src.type_error.function_04('value')

    the test is still green.

  • I change the call to function_05 to src.type_error.function_05

    115    src.type_error.function_04('value')
116    # function_05(
117    src.type_error.function_05(
118        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
119        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
120    )

    still green.

  • I change the call to function_06 to src.type_error.function_06

    117    src.type_error.function_05(
118        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
119        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
120    )
121    # function_06(
122    src.type_error.function_06(
123        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
124        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
125        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
126    )

    green.

  • I change the call to function_07 to src.type_error.function_07

    122    src.type_error.function_06(
123        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
124        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
125        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
126    )
127    # function_07(
128    src.type_error.function_07(
129        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
130        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
131        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
132        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
133    )

    still green.

  • I change the call to function_08 to src.type_error.function_08

    128    src.type_error.function_07(
129        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
130        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
131        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
132        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
133    )
134    # function_08(
135    src.type_error.function_08(
136        'positional',
137        argument='keyword',
138    )
139
140
141# Exceptions seen

    the terminal is my friend, and shows TypeError

    TypeError: function_08() got
           multiple values for argument 'argument'

  • I change the order of the arguments in the definition of function_08 in type_error.py

    72# def function_08():
73# def function_08(one, two):
74# def function_08(argument, two):
75# def function_08(argument, name):
76def function_08(name, argument):
77    return None

    the test passes.

  • I remove the commented lines from type_error.py

    1def function_00(the_input):
2    return None
3
4
5def function_01(first, second):
6    return None

     9def function_02(
10    third, second, first
11):
12    return None
13
14
15def function_03(
16    first, second, third, fourth,
17):
18    return None

    21def function_04(argument):
22    return None
23
24
25def function_05(argument_0, argument_1):
26    return None

    29def function_06(argument_0, argument_1, argument_2):
30    return None
31
32
33def function_07(
34    argument_0, argument_1,
35    argument_2, argument_n
36):
37    return None
38
39
40def function_08(name, argument):
41    return None

  • I remove the commented lines from test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs in test_type_error.py

     97def test_type_error_w_args_and_kwargs():
 98    src.type_error.function_00('argument')
 99    src.type_error.function_01(1, 0)
100    src.type_error.function_02(
101        third=True, second=False,
102        first=None,
103    )

    104    src.type_error.function_03(
105        second=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
106        first=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
107        third={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
108        fourth={'key': 'value'},
109    )

    110    src.type_error.function_04('value')
111    src.type_error.function_05(
112        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
113        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
114    )

    115    src.type_error.function_06(
116        (0, 1, 2, 'n'),
117        [0, 1, 2, 'n'],
118        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
119    )

    120    src.type_error.function_07(
121        argument_n={'key': 'value'},
122        argument_2={0, 1, 2, 'n'},
123        argument_0=(0, 1, 2, 'n'),
124        argument_1=[0, 1, 2, 'n'],
125    )

    126    src.type_error.function_08(
127        'positional',
128        argument='keyword',
129    )
130
131
132# Exceptions seen
133# AssertionError
134# NameError
135# TypeError
136# ModuleNotFoundError
137# AttributeError

  • I remove function_00 to function_08 from test_type_error.py because they are no longer called

    1import src.type_error
2
3
4def test_type_error_w_positional_arguments():

    all the tests are passing because function_00 to function_08 are now attributes of type_error.py in the src folder and I can call them from outside the file with src.type_error.function_name()

    src.type_error.function_name()
src
└── type_error.py
    └── def function_name(): return None

    where function_name is the name of the function.

  • I open a terminal then change directory to the type_error folder

    cd type_error

  • I add type_error.py to git for tracking

    git add src/type_error.py

  • I add a git commit message in the new terminal

    git commit --all --message \
'move functions to type_error.py'

close the project

  • I close tests/test_type_error.py and src/type_error.py

  • I click in the terminal where the tests are running

  • I use q on the keyboard to leave the tests. The terminal goes back to the command line.

  • I change directory to the parent of type_error

    cd ..

    the terminal shows

    .../pumping_python

    I am back in the pumping_python directory.

review

I can write solutions in a different module from the tests.

code from the chapter

Do you want to see all the CODE I typed in this chapter?

what is next?

Would you like to test AttributeError?

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